Hierarchy and Administration of Police Forces in india

1. Central Level Organization

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) controls police organizations that deal with national security, border protection, specialized investigations, and interstate crimes.

(A) Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)

These are paramilitary forces under the MHA, not the Army, but used for security and law enforcement.

• CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force): Internal security, riot control.

• BSF (Border Security Force): Guards India’s borders with Pakistan & Bangladesh.

• ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border Police): Protects India-China border.

• CISF (Central Industrial Security Force): Protects airports, metro, industries.

• SSB (Sashastra Seema Bal): Guards Nepal & Bhutan borders.

(B) Specialized Central Agencies

• CBI (Central Bureau of Investigation): Major crimes, corruption, economic offenses.

• NIA (National Investigation Agency): Terrorism-related crimes.

• IB (Intelligence Bureau): Internal intelligence.

• NCB (Narcotics Control Bureau): Drug-related crimes.

• RAW (Research and Analysis Wing): External intelligence (not police, but intelligence).

2. State Level Organization

Every state and union territory has its own police force to maintain law and order.

• Controlled by the State Government.

• Headed by the Director General of Police (DGP).

Hierarchy of State Police (Top to Bottom)

1. Director General of Police (DGP): Highest-ranking police officer in the state.

2. Additional DGP (ADGP): Assists DGP, in charge of specialized branches (CID, traffic, training).

3. Inspector General of Police (IGP): Heads a range (group of districts).

4. Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG): Assists IGP in range-level work.

5. Superintendent of Police (SP): Heads police of a district.

6. Additional SP: Assists SP at district level.

7. Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP): In charge of subdivisions within district.

3. District Level Organization

• Head: Superintendent of Police (SP).

• Assisted by Addl. SP, DySP, Inspectors, and SIs.

• Divided into police circles, sub-divisions, and police stations.

       Structure Example:

• District Police Headquarters → Headed by SP.

• Subdivision → DySP.

• Circle → Circle Inspector.

• Police Station → SHO (Inspector or SI).

4. Police Station Level Organization

This is the basic unit of policing where direct interaction with the public happens.

• Station House Officer (SHO): Usually an Inspector (sometimes SI). Responsible for the functioning of police station.

• Sub-Inspector (SI): Registers FIRs, conducts investigations, arrests accused.

• Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI): Assists SI in investigations, maintains records.

• Head Constable (HC): Supervises constables, manages station duties.

• Constable: Backbone of the police; patrol, guard duty, beat policing, first response.

5. Specialized Wings at State & District Level

Apart from general policing, there are special wings:

• Crime Investigation Department (CID): Handles serious crimes.

• Traffic Police: Controls road traffic, accidents.

• Special Branch: Intelligence gathering within state.

• Armed Police / Reserve Police: For riot control, VIP security.

• Women Police Cells: Crimes against women.

• Cyber Crime Cell: Cyber frauds, hacking cases.

• Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS): Terrorism-related cases.

6. Judicial Control & Accountability

• Police work under State Home Department.

• District SP reports to the District Magistrate (DM/Collector) regarding law & order.

• Police is answerable to courts during trials.

CENTRAL LEVEL (Union Ministry of Home Affairs)
│
├── Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)
│      ├─ CRPF (Internal Security, Riots)
│      ├─ BSF (Border Security)
│      ├─ ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border)
│      ├─ CISF (Industries, Airports)
│      └─ SSB (Nepal/Bhutan Borders)
│
├── Central Agencies
│      ├─ CBI (Crime & Corruption)
│      ├─ NIA (Terrorism)
│      ├─ IB (Internal Intelligence)
│      └─ NCB (Drug Control)
│
└── Other Intelligence Bodies
       └─ RAW (External Intelligence – not police, but linked)

------------------------------------------------------------

STATE LEVEL (Headed by Director General of Police - DGP)
│
├── Additional Director General of Police (ADGP)
│
├── Inspector General of Police (IGP) – Heads a RANGE
│
├── Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG)
│
└── Superintendent of Police (SP) – Heads a DISTRICT
       │
       ├── Additional SP
       └── Deputy SP (DySP) – Heads a SUBDIVISION

------------------------------------------------------------

DISTRICT POLICE ORGANIZATION
│
└── Superintendent of Police (SP)
       │
       ├── Circle Inspector – Heads a CIRCLE
       │
       └── Station House Officer (SHO) – Heads POLICE STATION
              │
              ├── Sub-Inspector (SI) – Investigations, FIR
              ├── Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI)
              ├── Head Constable (HC)
              └── Constable – Basic unit, field duties

------------------------------------------------------------

SPECIALIZED WINGS (at State/District Levels)
│
├── Crime Investigation Department (CID)
├── Traffic Police
├── Cyber Crime Cell
├── Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS)
├── Women Police Cell
└── Armed/Reserve Police

Police Badges/Insight India

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