National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India, is home to the NCRB. It is the major organisation in charge of gathering and evaluating crime data, keeping up-to-date national databases on crimes and offenders, and supporting law enforcement in their efforts to prevent and investigate crimes.

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

History & Establishment

  • Established: 11 March 1986

  • Based on recommendations of the Tandon Committee (1985) and the National Police Commission

  • Formed by merging:

    • Directorate of Coordination and Police Computer (DCPC)

    • Inter-State Criminals Data Branch of CBI

    • Central Finger Print Bureau (CFPB)

Key Projects and Systems

Project/System Description
CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems) A national platform linking all police stations digitally
ICJS (Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System) Integrates police, courts, prisons, prosecution & forensics
NDSO (National Database of Sexual Offenders) Tracks sex offenders across the country
AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) For digital storage and comparison of fingerprints
ePrisons Manages prison records and prisoner tracking
NATGRID (in collaboration) National Intelligence Grid – data-sharing platform for internal security (NCRB provides inputs)

1. Crime Data Collection & Analysis

  • Publishes annual reports:

    • Crime in India

    • Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India

    • Prison Statistics India

  • Provides reliable crime statistics to government, researchers, media, and public

2. National Databases

  • Maintains centralized criminal databases accessible by police nationwide:

    • CCTNS – Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems

    • ICJS – Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System

    • AFIS – Automated Fingerprint Identification System

    • NDSO – National Database on Sexual Offenders

    • Vahan-Samanvay – For stolen and recovered vehicles

3. Fingerprint Management

  • Operates the Central Finger Print Bureau (CFPB)

  • Maintains fingerprint records of criminals

  • Assists in fingerprint matching and forensics

4. Training and Capacity Building

  • Provides training to police personnel across India and SAARC countries

  • Specializes in cybercrime, fingerprint science, and IT-based policing

5. Coordination and Policy Support

  • Supports policy-making with data-driven insights

  • Coordinates with state police and central agencies

Major Functions & Systems

  • Crime in India Reports
    Releases annual statistical bulletins on cognizable crimes (under IPC and Special & Local Laws), suicides, accidents, prisons, etc. 

  • CCTNS (Crime & Criminal Tracking Network & Systems)
    A flagship mission-mode e-governance project since 2009, connecting over 15,000 police stations and 6,000 higher offices nationwide for efficient information flow 

  • NAFIS (National Automated Fingerprint Identification System)
    Launched in 2022, NAFIS integrates fingerprint data upload/access 24×7. As of October 2024, it holds 1.06 crore criminal fingerprint records across India 

  • NDSO, Cyber‑Crime Portal & Training

    • Maintains a National Database of Sexual Offenders for access by states/UTs 

    • Operates a citizen-facing Cyber-Crime Reporting Portal (child pornography, rape, etc.) 

    • Offers online training platforms (CyTrain) and IT/fingerprint/police capacity development Citizen Services via Digital Portal
      Includes services like FIR filing and antecedent verification via the National Digital Police Portal (2017) 

NCRB hurrah for Assam – Asom Barta

Crime Trends — Key Stats from Recent Reports

2022 NCRB Report:

  • Total Cognizable Crimes: 58.25 lakh (down 4.5% from 2021)

  • Crime Rate: Declined from 445.9 to 422.2 per 1 lakh population

  • Crimes Against Women: 4.45 lakh cases (+4%) — dominant IPC categories included cruelty by husband, kidnapping, and outraging modesty

  • Cyber‑Crimes: 65,893 cases (+24%), mainly fraud (64.8%), extortion, and sexual exploitation

  • Suicides: 1.71 lakh deaths (+4.2%), mostly due to family issues, illness, or marriage-related challenges 

2023 Data (via third-party analysis):

  • Total Cognizable Crimes: ~59.2 lakh (−2.3% vs 2022).

  • Crime Rate: 427.4 per 1 lakh population.

  • IPC Crimes: ~35.4 lakh; SLL Crimes: ~23.8 lakh 

  • Slight declines in murder, kidnapping, grievous hurt and theft

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